The Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Chlorogenic Acid Concentration on Biofilm Formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Prosthetic Joint Infection
Abstract
Background
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most severe complications following joint replacement surgery, with the formation of bacterial biofilm being a primary cause. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural polyphenolic compound known for its antibacterial properties and its ability to inhibit biofilm formation.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two different concentrations of CGA on biofilm formation in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced PJI by measuring the optical density at 492 nm (OD492) and analyze the differences in the biofilm inhibitory effect at various concentrations of CGA during PJI.
Methods
The most common pathogen causing PJI, MRSA, was selected for this study. The experimental groups consisted of a control group with no intervention, a 256 μg/mL CGA group, and a 512 μg/mL CGA group, with 21 samples per group. Samples were cultured at 37°C and monoclonal TSB broth was used for bacterial amplification. Glass slides were placed in the culture and incubated in a 37°C shaking incubator for 48 hours to form biofilms, thus establishing an in vitro PJI human joint model. CGA was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and diluted in TSB to final concentrations of 256 and 512 μg/mL. The OD492 values were determined using a microplate reader.
Results
The control group (no intervention) had an OD492 value of 0.461 ± 0.02, the 256 μg/mL CGA group had an OD492 value of 0.365 ± 0.04, and the 512 μg/mL CGA group had an OD492 value of 0.309 ± 0.03. The variance analysis for multiple samples showed P < 0.001. Independent sample t-test results between the 256 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL CGA groups showed P < 0.01.
Conclusion
Both 256 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL concentrations of chlorogenic acid can inhibit MRSA biofilm formation in the PJI process. The inhibitory effect of 512 μg/mL chlorogenic acid on MRSA biofilm formation is significantly stronger than that of 256 μg/mL.
Contributor Notes
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.